Plaintiffs’ Memorandum in Opposition to Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss
A. Plaintiffs Have Standing
Plaintiffs have standing under Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife, 504 U.S. 555, 560-61 1992) because they are suffering ongoing and threatened concrete injuries to protected interests caused by challenged provisions, of which they are the object, and the requested relief will redress those injuries. Because at least one plaintiff has standing for each claim, the Court need not decide the standing of each. See McConnell v. FEC, 540 U.S. 93, 233 (2003).Please click the link below for the full document.